{"id":671,"date":"2013-01-28T17:03:00","date_gmt":"2013-01-28T17:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/suigenerisbrewing.com\/index.php\/2013\/01\/28\/brewing-science-gelatin-clearing-beer\/"},"modified":"2017-09-15T18:59:18","modified_gmt":"2017-09-15T18:59:18","slug":"brewing-science-gelatin-clearing-beer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/suigenerisbrewing.com\/index.php\/2013\/01\/28\/brewing-science-gelatin-clearing-beer\/","title":{"rendered":"Brewing Science: Gelatin & Clearing Beer"},"content":{"rendered":"

I was bottling my Merlins Mild this Friday, and while preping my gelatin, I realized it has been a while since I did an article on brewing science. \u00a0The two\u00a0thoughts\u00a0merged, leading to this article on how gelatin helps clear beer.<\/p>\n

Firstly, a brief outline of how I use gelatin for fining my beer. \u00a0There are a lot of other methods out there, but this is what I have found works for me.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cool the beer as cold as you can (crash cooling), you can do this in a fermenter or keg. \u00a0The colder it is, the clearer the final beer will be. \u00a0I’ve had good results at 18-20C, but for crystal-clear beer you need to be at 5C or cooler. \u00a0Don’t freeze it…<\/li>\n
  2. In a lidded pot, add 1 packet (1 tablespoon) unflavoured gelatin to 250-350 ml (1 to 1.5 cup) boiled and cooled water (20C\/room temp or colder). \u00a0Let sit 20 minutes to ‘bloom’. \u00a0You’ll notice that the gelatin will swell, from small prills to balls 0.5-1 mm in diameter.<\/li>\n
  3. Heat gently, in a pot covered with a lid, to 77C (170F). \u00a0Remove from heat, keeping covered, and let cool to room temperature.<\/li>\n
  4. Add to top of cold beer.<\/li>\n
  5. In 2-3 days, beer should be super-clear. \u00a0You can bottle at this point. \u00a0If in a keg, you can begin carbing as soon as the gelatin is added.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    Note that pre-boiling the water is optional, but this does sanitize the water. \u00a0It is\u00a0important\u00a0to add the gelatin to room temp or colder water for blooming – warmer than that will lead to clumping and incomplete blooming. \u00a0It is absolutely essential<\/u><\/b> to heat to 77C; a little cooler and the gelatin will not solubilize, a little warmer and it will gel in your beer.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Legend<\/p>\n

    Early Publication Note
    \nBrief Outline of the Method
    \nWTFerment is PCR?
    \nWTFerment is a Ribosome & why do we use it?
    \nProtocol: Crude DNA isolation
    \nProtocol: ITS PCR
    \nProtocol: Using BLAST to Analyze the DNA sequence
    \nResources<\/p>\n

    The science behind how this works can be found below the fold…<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A Collagen
    \nHelix (Fibre)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    The secret behind gelatins function is in its chemistry. \u00a0Gelatin is produced from collagen<\/a>, a protein found in the bones & skin of animals. Most gelatin comes form pigs and cows, but one form found in commercial brewing (isinglass) comes from the swim bladders of fish.<\/p>\n

    Collagen’s main biological function is to provide strength to tissues – it is what makes your skin elastic. The need for this protein to be both strong and elastic requires some unique chemistry. This unique chemistry helps 3 collagen molecules come\u00a0together\u00a0to form helical bundles (left). It is these bundles that provide collagen with both\u00a0rigidity\u00a0and\u00a0flexibility. Not clear in this image are the “sticky ends” which allow these bundles to assemble into long chains – that’s OK, since the sticky ends have little to do with brewing.<\/p>\n

    Its the long helical part of collagen that is important for gelatin. \u00a0These helical sections are generally comprised of repeats of a few amino acids – specifically, -[glycine-proline-x]-, where x is an amino acid other than glycine\/proline. This motif is repeated over 100 times in each helical portion of a collagen strand. Gelatin is produced by hydrolyzing (breaking) the collagen into shorter pieces – so instead of having this Gly-Pro-X repeated hundreds of times, you instead end up with small pieces in which it is\u00a0repeated 2 to 5 times.<\/p>\n

    It is this breaking that is important – in collagen this triplet structure is key to forming the 3-protein helix: \u00a0glycines and prolines are hydrophobic – meaning they don’t like water, while the ‘X’s tend to be either polar or charged\u00a0residues – meaning they like water. In\u00a0collagen\u00a0the water-hating parts of one collagen molecule binds to the water-hating bits of two other molecules, causing the collagen to wrap around the water-hating parts, thus producing a helix which has all of the water-hating bits in the middle and the water-loving parts on the outside (where they are exposed to the water-filled environment of our bodies).<\/p>\n

    Breaking the collagen into short bits prevents this from happening. \u00a0When we bloom and heat the gelatin we solubilize the gelatin, meaning that we end up with single gelatin fragments (or small clusters)\u00a0stably\u00a0suspended in water. Heat too much and the molecules will\u00a0condense\u00a0 forming jello. \u00a0Heat too little and you don’t solubilize the protein. \u00a0But warming to just the right point will solubilize this normally poorly soluble protein.<\/p>\n

    But the gelatin doesn’t like this – it is very unnatural for those water-hating bits to be exposed to water. So when you add this to beer, it likes to stick to stuff – the water-hating bits will seek out water-hating bits of other proteins. The water-loving bits (especially the charged bits) will seek out molecules of the opposite charge. The end effect is the gelatin links\u00a0together\u00a0a lot of the charged and water-hating stuff in the beer – i.e. proteins & yeasts – causing them to form flocks which then settle out of the beer.<\/p>\n

    Given that, you may wonder why it works better in cold beer. The reason here has little to do with the gelatin, and instead has to do with the proteins and yeasts in solution. At warmer temperatures, water will tend to form ‘hydration shells<\/a>‘ around solubilized\u00a0structures\u00a0– i.e. a stable “shell” of water will\u00a0associate\u00a0with proteins, helping to keep them in solution. Due to some of the odder\u00a0aspects\u00a0of protein chemistry, these shells are less stable at lower temperatures – meaning they do not shield the proteins from the gelatin. As such, the gelatin has better access to the proteins (and yeasts), and thus are more able to clear the beer. In fact, this is what happens with chill haze – cooling of the beer brings the proteins out of solution; a small degree of\u00a0aggregation\u00a0occurs, making the beer cloudy. Gelatin, added to this cloudy solution, will further link these clumps\u00a0together\u00a0 allowing the\u00a0aggregates\u00a0to quickly fall out of solution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    I was bottling my Merlins Mild this Friday, and while preping my gelatin, I realized it has been a while<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10,11],"tags":[205],"class_list":["post-671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-brewing-science","category-zymurgy","tag-brewing-science"],"yoast_head":"\nBrewing Science: Gelatin & Clearing Beer - 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